Elbow Dislocation

Radial Head Replacement is a surgical procedure in which a damaged or fractured radial head (the top part of the radius bone near the elbow) is replaced with an artificial implant. This procedure is usually recommended when the radial head is severely fractured, irreparable, or associated with elbow instability.

What is the Radial Head?

The radial head is the uppermost part of the radius bone in the forearm that forms part of the elbow joint. It allows for smooth rotation of the forearm and helps stabilize the elbow. Damage to this area can lead to pain, limited motion, and instability.

Indications for Radial Head Replacement

Radial head replacement may be recommended in the following situations :

• Comminuted fractures (multiple fragments of the radial head that cannot be repaired)
• Failed previous surgeries or non-healing fractures
• Elbow instability due to ligament injuries
• Arthritis or post-traumatic degeneration of the radial head

Symptoms of Radial Head Injury

• Severe pain on the outer side of the elbow
• Swelling and bruising around the elbow joint
• Limited range of motion, especially rotation of the forearm
• Weakness in gripping or lifting objects
• Clicking or popping sounds during movement

The Procedure

• Anesthesia – The patient is given general or regional anesthesia.
• Surgical Approach – The surgeon exposes the damaged radial head through a small incision.
• Removal of Damaged Bone – The fractured or arthritic radial head is removed.
• Implant Insertion – A prosthetic radial head is inserted to restore normal joint alignment and function.
• Closure and Immobilization – The incision is closed, and the elbow may be placed in a splint for initial protection.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

• Hospital stay is usually 1–2 days, depending on the complexity of the surgery.
• Early physiotherapy is crucial to restore movement and strength.
• Full recovery typically takes 6–12 weeks, but gentle exercises often begin within days after surgery.
• Regular follow-ups ensure proper implant function and healing.

Benefits of Radial Head Replacement

• Pain relief from fracture or arthritis
• Restoration of elbow stability and motion
• Prevention of long-term complications like stiffness and deformity
• Improved ability to perform daily activities

Possible Complications

• Infection
• Implant loosening or wear
• Nerve or blood vessel injury
• Limited range of motion
• Persistent pain in rare cases